I thought it would be fun to track all of my progress learning python, even the VERY humble beginnings. Any of the posts with the CS50 tag are simply copy/pastes of my code from lessons, along with a copy/paste of what the assignment actually wanted me to do for context. As many of these functions rely on user_input, I took the liberty of adding the code simply as text rather than exectuable code as otherwise the page would not work as it would try to get inputs which cannot be given.

Einstein

Even if you haven’t studied physics (recently or ever!), you might have heard that E=MC^2, wherein E represents energy (measured in Joules), M represents mass (measured in kilograms), and C represents the speed of light (measured approximately as 300000000 meters per second), per Albert Einstein et al. Essentially, the formula means that mass and energy are equivalent.

In a file called einstein.py, implement a program in Python that prompts the user for mass as an integer (in kilograms) and then outputs the equivalent number of Joules as an integer. Assume that the user will input an integer.

```{python}
def main(): #Get user input 
  user_input = input("Mass:")

#Convert input to integer
  user_input = int(user_input)

#Multiple Input(mass) by C\^2 & print the result (E)
  print(user_input * 90000000000000000)

main()
```

Tip Calculator

And now for my Wizard tip calculator.

— Morty Seinfeld

In the United States, it’s customary to leave a tip for your server after dining in a restaurant, typically an amount equal to 15% or more of your meal’s cost. Not to worry, though, we’ve written a tip calculator for you, below!

```{python}
def main():
    dollars = dollars_to_float(input("How much was the meal? "))
    percent = percent_to_float(input("What percentage would you like to tip? "))
    tip = dollars * percent
    print(f"Leave ${tip:.2f}")


def dollars_to_float(d):
    # TODO


def percent_to_float(p):
    # TODO


main()
```

Well, we’ve written most of a tip calculator for you. Unfortunately, we didn’t have time to implement two functions:

dollars_to_float, which should accept a str as input (formatted as $##.##, wherein each # is a decimal digit), remove the leading $, and return the amount as a float. For instance, given $50.00 as input, it should return 50.0.
percent_to_float, which should accept a str as input (formatted as ##%, wherein each # is a decimal digit), remove the trailing %, and return the percentage as a float. For instance, given 15% as input, it should return 0.15.

Assume that the user will input values in the expected formats.

```{python}
def main():
    #Given code
    dollars = dollars_to_float(input("How much was the meal? "))
    percent = percent_to_float(input("What percentage would you like to tip? "))
    tip = dollars * percent
    print(f"leave ${tip:.2f}")

def dollars_to_float(d):
    #Remove dollar sign
    d = d.removeprefix("$")
    #Convert to float value & return
    d = float(d)
    return(d)

def percent_to_float(p):
    #Remove Percent sign
    p = p.removesuffix("%")
    #Convert to float & return
    p = float(p)/100
    return(p)

main()
```

Playback Speed

Some people have a habit of lecturing speaking rather quickly, and it’d be nice to slow them down, a la YouTube’s 0.75 playback speed, or even by having them pause between words.

In a file called playback.py, implement a program in Python that prompts the user for input and then outputs that same input, replacing each space with ... (i.e., three periods).

```{python}
def main():
    #Get user input
    user_input = input("What sentence would you like to slow down? ")

    #Replace spaces with ellipses
    user_input = user_input.replace(" ", "...")

    #Print user input with Ellipses to slow down sentence
    print(user_input)



main()
```

Indoor Voice

WRITING IN ALL CAPS IS LIKE YELLING.

Best to use your “indoor voice” sometimes, writing entirely in lowercase.

In a file called indoor.py, implement a program in Python that prompts the user for input and then outputs that same input in lowercase. Punctuation and whitespace should be outputted unchanged. You’re welcome, but not required, to prompt the user explicitly, as by passing a str of your own as an argument to input.

```{python}
def main():
    #Get user input & Convert to lowercase
    user_input = input("What would you like to say with an indoor voice? ").lower()

    #Print user input
    print(user_input)


main()
```

Making Faces

Before there were emoji, there were emoticons, whereby text like :) was a happy face and text like :( was a sad face. Nowadays, programs tend to convert emoticons to emoji automatically!

In a file called faces.py, implement a function called convert that accepts a str as input and returns that same input with any :) converted to (otherwise known as a slightly smiling face) and any :( converted to (otherwise known as a slightly frowning face). All other text should be returned unchanged.

Then, in that same file, implement a function called main that prompts the user for input, calls convert on that input, and prints the result. You're welcome, but not required, to prompt the user explicitly, as by passing a str of your own as an argument to input. Be sure to call main at the bottom of your file.

```{python}
def main():
    #Get user input
    user_input = input("Please input the string for conversion: ")

    #Call Convert to change emoticons to emoji
    user_input = convert(user_input)

    #Print back to user
    print(user_input)



def convert(sentence):
    #Convert any happy faces to emoji
    sentence = sentence.replace(":)", "\U0001F642")

    #Convert any sad faces to emoji
    sentence = sentence.replace(":(", "\U0001F641")

    #Return original sentence as output of function
    return(sentence)

main()
```